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The Challenges of Monitoring Illicit Trade Should Not Obscure the Success of Tobacco Tax Policy
Stanton A. Glantz,Stella A. Bialous
- , 2018, DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.304233
Abstract:
Are quit attempts among U.S. female nurses who smoke different from female smokers in the general population? An analysis of the 2006/2007 tobacco use supplement to the current population survey
Linda Sarna, Stella Bialous, Karabi Nandy, Qing Yang
BMC Women's Health , 2012, DOI: 10.1186/1472-6874-12-4
Abstract: Cross-sectional data from the Tobacco Use Supplement of the Current Population Survey 2006/2007 were used to compare smoking behaviors of nurses (n = 2, 566) to those of non-healthcare professional women (n = 93, 717). Smoking characteristics included years of smoking, number of cigarettes, and time to first cigarette with smoking within the first 30 minutes as an indicator of nicotine dependence. Logistic regression models using replicate weights were used to determine correlates of ever and previous 12 months quit attempts.Nurses had a lower smoking prevalence than other women (12.1% vs 16.6%, p < 0.0001); were more likely to have ever made a quit attempt (77% vs 68%, p = 0.0002); but not in the previous 12 months (42% vs 43%, p = 0.77). Among those who ever made a quit attempt, nurses who smoked within 30 minutes of waking, were more likely to have made a quit attempt compared to other women (OR = 3.1, 95% CI: 1.9, 5.1). When considering quit attempts within the last 12 months, nurses whose first cigarette was after 30 minutes of waking were less likely to have made a quit attempt compared to other females (OR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.49, 0.98). There were no other significant differences in ever/recent quitting.Smoking prevalence among female nurses was lower than among women who were not in healthcare occupations, as expected. The lack of difference in recent quit efforts among female nurses as compared to other female smokers has not been previously reported. The link between lower level of nicotine dependence, as reflected by the longer time to first cigarette, and lower quit attempts among nurses needs further exploration.Smoking is a significant concern for women's health [1,2] including the health of the predominantly female nursing profession [3]. Viewing smoking among women by professional group provides a context for understanding the culture of smoking behavior and supporting targeted quit efforts. The purposes of this analysis of the Tobacco Use Supplement-C
A resposta da indústria do tabaco à cria？？o de espa？os livres de fumo no Brasil
Bialous,Stella Aguinaga; Presman,Sabrina; Gigliotti,Analice; Muggli,Monique; Hurt,Richard;
Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública , 2010, DOI: 10.1590/S1020-49892010000400007
Abstract: objectives: to document the response of the tobacco industry to the regulation of smoking in public places in brazil starting in 1996. methods: the legacy tobacco documents library (legacy.library.ucsf.edu/) and the british american tobacco (bat) company documents (bat.library.ucsf.edu/) were searched. the following key words were used: brasil/brazil; souza cruz; fumo passivo, tabagismo passivo/passive smoking; fumo de segunda m？o/secondhand smoking; convivência em harmonia/courtesy of choice; along with the names of institutions, politicians, and individuals associated with tobacco control. we also searched the websites of cigarette manufacturers and hospitality industry organizations and businesses, news websites, and online newspapers and magazines. the search was limited to the period from 1995 to 2005. results: the text of the first law restricting smoking in brazil (no. 9 294, of 1996) benefited the industry by stating that smokers and nonsmokers could share the same space provided that specific areas were designated as smoking and nonsmoking. as in other countries, the tobacco industry established partnerships with hotel, bar, and restaurant associations to prevent the passing of laws creating 100% smoke-free environments, as recommended by the world health organization. however, local state and city laws in major cities and states (such as rio de janeiro and s？o paulo) have been successful in ensuring the creation of 100% smoke-free places. conclusions: it is essential that brazil recognize the damage caused by smoking and revise its federal law regulating smoking in closed environments. the knowledge concerning the strategies employed by the industry may be useful for politicians and health care professionals to prepare arguments opposing measures that can be detrimental to public health.
Portraying and Analysing Urban Shrinkage in Greek Cities—The Case of Larissa  [PDF]
Stella Manika
Current Urban Studies (CUS) , 2020, DOI: 10.4236/cus.2020.82016
Abstract: The phenomenon of urban shrinkage is multidimensional, concerning regions, cities, towns, or metropolitan areas that are facing population reductions and simultaneously intense economic and social transformations. Greek cities are experiencing strong signs of urban shrinkage such as thousands of enterprises closing down, the emergence of a series of vacant commercial spaces, even whole buildings abandoned, as a result of the economic crisis, mainly from 2011 and onwards. This paper documents, analyses and investigates the changes brought by urban shrinkage in Larissa—a medium-sized Greek city. It highlights the characteristics of emerging new economic urban landscapes in Greek cities at a time of uncertainty; it also introduces a methodological research framework for urban shrinkage, which may be applied in other Greek cities.
Transforming Vacant Commercial Spaces: From Localized Hotspots of Urban Shrinkage to “Smart” Co-Working Places  [PDF]
Stella Manika
Open Journal of Social Sciences (JSS) , 2020, DOI: 10.4236/jss.2020.86009
Abstract: Shrinking cities (i.e., regions, cities, towns, or metropolitan areas that are facing population reductions and intense economic and social transformation) typically include an abundance of abandoned residential units, office buildings, and vacant shops. Strongly affected by the recent economic and financial crisis, Greek cities have shown strong signs of urban shrinkage with thousands of businesses closing down since 2011. These vacant properties can be reclaimed for new uses, in particular for the development of new working styles and forms of sharing economy, with the view to promote innovation and growth. Sharing economy and co-working spaces or makerspaces can play a crucial role to support social and professional interaction and promote the innovative and “smart” development of the city. This paper develops a methodological and conceptual framework to examine and document the localized hotspots of urban shrinkage that could be used as co-working spaces in Larissa, a typical medium-sized Greek city. The framework to identify the optimal localised hotspots in Larisa (i.e. vacant commercial spaces to be considered as viable co-working spaces) was based on the results of the literature review and the analysis of the respective spatial and quantitative data. These hotspots can become dynamic nodes of a network structure at a city scale contributing to the renaissance of its economic, social, and innovative profile.
Investigations of photoresponse signals of LT-GaAs photodetector
Malgorzata Bialous,Krzysztof Switkowski,Anna Kozanecka-Szmigiel,Michal Wierzbicki
Optica Applicata , 2009,
Abstract: In this paper, we demonstrate our electro-optic sampling system constructed for characterization of high-speed photodetectors based on low-temperature-grown GaAs (LT-GaAs). Changes in the shape of electrical signals for different optical powers, voltage biases and positions of a probe beam have been shown. The obtained photoresponse of the investigated photodetector exhibits 0.9 ps (full width at half maximum).
Microarray Technology and Its Applicability in Soil Science – A Short Review  [PDF]
Stella Asuming- Brempong
Open Journal of Soil Science (OJSS) , 2012, DOI: 10.4236/ojss.2012.23039
Abstract: The GeoChip is a glass slide containing oligonucleotide probes targeting genes that confer specific function to micro-organism. The GeoChip has been used to dissect the microbial community functional structure of environmental samples. The PhyloChip is a glass slide containing oligonucleotide probes of the 16S rRNA genes and it offers tremendous potential to monitor microbial population. Below ground microbial community can be linked to the above ground plant community by the use of these Chips in a high throughput manner. This review seeks to determine the various roles of the GeoChip and the PhyloChip in soil microbial ecology studies. During biostimulation of uranium in groundwater, microbial community dynamics was linked to functional processes and in global warming studies, microbial response to functional gene structure has been possible by the use of the GeoChip. The PhyloChip, on the other hand, provides more comprehensive survey of the microbial diversity, composition and structure and are less susceptible to the influence of dominance in microbial community. Some of the concerns regarding the use of compost in agricultural soils i.e. the spread of human, animal and plant pathogens were reduced when the PhyloChip was used to monitor composting.
Friendship in Cicero: A Pre-Condition for Development  [PDF]
Chidimma Stella Ukaulor
Open Journal of Philosophy (OJPP) , 2015, DOI: 10.4236/ojpp.2015.54029
Abstract: Friendship is one the anthropological and existential concepts bothering the human society. It is a factor seen as common yet powerful. It is a tool for development. When there is friendship, be it among equals, nations, communities, races and religions, there would be peace and love, hence there would be development. This work will therefore make an analysis of the notion of friendship, narrowing it down to the thought of Cicero, targeting the causes, types, as well as the importance of friendship in the contemporary society. It, however, concludes that since we cannot exist alone and learning to resolve conflict is an important function of friendship, families, churches, members of various tribes and nations should therefore adopt cicerone notion of perfect friendship for the growth and development of the society.
Showcasing the Tourism Potentials of Lokoja, Kogi State, Nigeria  [PDF]
Stella O. Ebiloma
Open Journal of Social Sciences (JSS) , 2019, DOI: 10.4236/jss.2019.77027
Abstract: Kogi State is one of the 36 states of the Federal Republic of Nigeria with Lokoja as the capital. Objective of the Study: To quantify the tourism potentials (abiotic and biotic) of some tourism sites in Lokoja, because information is needed for tourism development, marketing and promotion. Instruments Used: Surveying tape, Global Positioning system (GPS), Prismatic compass clinometers, appropriate books for vegetation identification, writing materials for noting field observations and a digital camera. Data collection involved stock assessment, direct measurements (quantitative) of the tourism resources on sites including their qualitative assessment. Results obtained are GPS readings of Latitudes and Longitudes in degrees and minutes, Elevations in metres, Bearing in degrees, Length and Breadth, Height of buildings and wall thickness in metres and vegetation identification. Tourism resources at the sites were also recorded. These tourists’ attractions (heritage, relics) are unique and are not available anywhere else in the world.
Perceptions, Determinants and Residential Satisfaction from Urban Open Spaces  [PDF]
Evgenia Anastasiou, Stella Manika
Open Journal of Social Sciences (JSS) , 2020, DOI: 10.4236/jss.2020.86001
Abstract: Quality of life as a cross-disciplinary term is explored by the sciences of urban planning and design, geography, and social sciences. The present paper: 1) investigates the factors of satisfaction of visitors to the urban open space; 2) highlights complex patterns of residents’ satisfaction from the contribution of a bioclimatic renovation project in this area. For the needs of the present, field research was conducted on the residents of a medium-sized Greek city. The urban open space chosen presents a multi-functional character, consists pole of attraction for visitors based on the variety of its uses, and encompasses a special cultural and historical identity. The methodological approach is initially based on a multi-criteria analysis (Factor Analysis) to capture the characteristics that shape the disadvantages and dynamics of urban open space in order to obtain the factors of residential satisfaction. Based on the evaluation of the satisfaction factors (Principal Components), a hierarchical classification was applied, exploring the main patterns of residential satisfaction regarding the contribution of the bioclimatic regeneration project. The findings show that residents’ satisfaction with urban open space is a function of five factors: the overall operation of the open space, the quality of leisure facilities, the contribution of the bioclimatic design of large scale project, the suitability of infrastructure for children and respect for the cultural identity of the place. The satisfaction based on the acceptance of the project of bioclimatic regeneration showed that only one in four residents is satisfied with the overall contribution of the project, while the vast majority of residents are nonetheless dissatisfied. Finally, there emerge six profiles of residents, in terms of their degree of satisfaction compared to the other interpretive variables.
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